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Transportation of German art educational ideas to China: Reconstructing the route

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by Yuk Lin Cheng 
In early 20th century, the pace of Westernization became faster in China, more and more Chinese intellectuals took an active role in importing Western knowledge. Among the many Western knowledge, German philosophy, aesthetic theories and art educational ideas were also imported and began to play a role in constructing the rationale for Chinese art education. Ideas from Kant, Schopenhauer, Schiller, Volkelt, Weber, Herbert, Pestalozzi, Muensterberg, Lichtwark, Langer, Schalz and Dresdner, etc. could easily be found in many Chinese writings on art education and related areas. Generally speaking, importation of German ideas on art education by Chinese intelligentsia could be divided into two phases. German ideas on aesthetic and aesthetic education were introduced in the first decade of 20th century. This was the first phase. In the second phase, discussions about art education during the Kunsterziehungsbewegung (German art education movement) were imported in the second, third and fourth decades. In a historical perspective, importation of Western aesthetics had already taken place from late Ming to early Qing dynasty (17th to 18th century) and again in late Qing period (second half of 19th century), i.e. earlier than the periods stated above. While missionaries played a vital role in introducing Western aesthetics before 20th century, Chinese intellectuals began to take an active role in importing Western aesthetics, especially German aesthetics and the idea of aesthetic education, from the very beginning of 20th century. In this part of the ongoing study, focus is given to the first phase of the importation of German ideas on aesthetic and aesthetic education. 



Hong Kong working group

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Importation of Western (German and American) ideas on art education – the route